THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH - 16th AMENDMENT The Constitution of The People's Republic of Bangladesh - 16th Amendment The latest 16th amendment is here. This application is developed with the latest 16th amendment and also in Bangla and English language. The Constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law of Bangladesh. It proclaims Bangladesh as a secular democratic republic, declares the fundamental rights and freedoms of Bangladeshi citizens, spells out the fundamental principles of state policy etc.
Descargar ares gratis para windows 7 version 8.0. Bangladesh Constitution app in Bangla, provides an easily searchable and readable format which contains all essential concepts for the citizens. It enriches lack of knowledge of the nation's laws on the part of the citizenry. The app ensures all Bangladeshi’s to have a working knowledge of the constitution by providing an easily accessible version of the document for mobile phones. It ensures that a majority of the country's citizens know the constitution.
We can begin to intelligently hold our leaders accountable for the provision of our constitutional rights. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of Bangladesh, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government and many more.
. The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh is the constitutional document of Bangladesh. It was adopted on 16 December 1972. It provides the framework of the Bangladeshi republic with a parliamentary government, fundamental human rights and freedoms, an independent judiciary, democratic local government and a national bureaucracy. The constitution includes references to, and the. It commits Bangladesh to “contribute to international peace and co-operation in keeping with the progressive aspirations of mankind”.
The constitution has several controversial elements like. Is enshrined in Bangladesh's constitution under Article 111, which makes Bangladesh an integral part of the common law world. Judicial review is also supported by the constitution. The document was drafted by 34 members of the. Contents.
Modern constitutional history British India The in the 18th century displaced the centuries of governance developed by South Asian empires. The passed by the was the first basic law in the.
The did not grant universal suffrage and democratic institutions to its colonies. The British slowly granted concessions for home rule.
The, and were later important laws of government. The included the and the in the early 20th century. The recommended for universal suffrage, a bi-cameral legislature, a senate and a house of representatives. The demanded provincial autonomy and quotas for Muslims in government.
The established provincial parliaments based on separate electorates. The 1940, supported by the first, asked the British government that 'the North Western and Eastern Zones of (British) India should be grouped to constitute ‘independent states’'. It further proclaimed 'that adequate, effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities in these units and in the regions for the protection of their religious, cultural, economic, political, administrative and other rights'.
The resolution's status is akin to the magna carta in Bangladesh and, in terms of the concept of independence. On 20 June 1947, the voted on the. It was decided by 120 votes to 90 that, if Bengal remained united, it should join the. At a separate meeting of legislators from West Bengal, it was decided by 58 votes to 21 that the province should be partitioned and that West Bengal should join the. At another separate meeting of legislators from East Bengal, it was decided by 106 votes to 35 that Bengal should not be partitioned and 107 votes to 34 that East Bengal should join the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan if Bengal was partitioned.
On 6 July 1947, the voted to partition from and merge it into East Bengal. On 11 August 1947, the president of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, declared that religious minorities would enjoy full freedom of religion in the emergent new state. Union with Pakistan Section 8 of the provided that the Government of India Act, 1935 with certain amendments and adaptations would be the working constitution of the during the transitional period. The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan included 79 members, of whom 44 were from, 22 from West Punjab, 5 from Sind, 3 from the North West Frontier Province, 1 from Baluchistan and 4 from the acceding princely states. The and demands for replacing separate electorates with joint universal suffrage were key issues in East Bengal. The first constituent assembly was arbitrarily dissolved by the Governor General in 1954. This led to the court challenge of, in which the federal court supported the Governor General’s decision, although Justice expressed dissent.
The dissolution of the assembly was one of the first major blows to democracy in Pakistan. The was adopted by a second constituent assembly elected in 1955. It declared two provinces- and; and two federal languages- and. The first Pakistani constitution was in place for only a few years.
General Ayub Khan staged a military coup and introduced the. The 1962 constitution introduced a in which would be responsible for electing the president and governors. The chief ministers' offices were abolished; and parliament and provincial assemblies were delegated to a mainly advisory role.
The system was dubbed 'Basic Democracy'. In 1965, 's failed bid for the presidency prompted allegations of a rigged electoral system. The demanded parliamentary democracy.
Rahman’s Six Points were part of the manifesto of the Awami League, the party which won first general election in East and West Pakistan in 1970. The Awami League ran on the platform of developing a new Pakistani constitution based on the Six Points. The League won 167 out 169 East Pakistani seats in the and 288 out of 300 seats in the. The refusal of Pakistan’s military junta to transfer power to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman triggered the. Bangladesh The issued the on 10 April 1971, which served as the interim first constitution of Bangladesh. It declared “equality, human dignity and social justice” as the fundamental principles of the republic. East Pakistani members of Pakistan’s federal and provincial assemblies were transformed into members of the.
The constituent assembly had 404 members. After the war, the Constitution Drafting Committee was formed in 1972. The committee included 34 members with Dr.
As its chairman. The Constitution Bill was introduced in the Assembly on 12 October. Its first reading began on 19 October and continued till 30 October. The second reading took place from 31 October to 3 November. Made an impassioned appeal to declare the term of citizenship as “Bangladeshi” instead of “”. Larma argued that labeling all citizens as Bengali discriminated against non-Bengali communities, including his own ethnic group. The third reading began on 4 November and it approved 65 amendments to the Constitution Bill and adopted and enacted the Constitution on 4 November.
The Constitution came into effect on 16 December 1972. A political system was established. It declared nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism as the fundamental principles of the republic. It proclaimed fundamental human rights, including, the and public healthcare among others. A two thirds vote of parliament was required to amend the constitution. After winning the 1973 general election, the Awami League government often flouted constitutional rules and principles.
The government received strong criticism from the Bangladeshi press, including both Bengali and English newspapers. The was formed to defend the constitution. The Awami League enacted three constitutional amendments between 1973 and 1975. The most drastic amendment was in January 1975. It introduced a one party state and a presidential government, while the judiciary’s independence was greatly curtailed. Constitutional rule was suspended on 15 August 1975 with the assassination of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the declaration of.
The issued a series of Proclamation Orders between 1975 and 1979 which amended the constitution. Lieutenant General Ziaur Rahman is credited for many of these Proclamation Orders. The most significant of these orders was defining citizenship as; other orders included the insertion of religious references and the controversial. In 1979, martial law was lifted, politics was restored and constitutional rule was revived.
The Fifth Amendment in 1979 validated all Proclamation Orders of the martial law authorities. An executive presidency continued until 1982. Martial law was again imposed in the.
When constitutional rule was restored in 1986, the Sixth Amendment validated previous Proclamation Orders issued by the Chief Martial Law Administrator. The Eighth Amendment in 1988 declared Islam as the and initiated limited devolution of the judiciary. In 1990, a pro-democracy uprising ousted President Ershad. The uprising was followed by parliamentary elections in 1991. The Twelfth Amendment passed by the fifth parliament is the most influential constitutional amendment in Bangladesh.
It re-established parliamentary government. It amended Articles 48, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 70, 72, 109, 119, 124, 141A and 142. The Prime Minister became the executive head of government, and along with the cabinet, was responsible to parliament. Local government was made more democratic. However, the amendment restricted the voting freedom of MPs. According to Article 70, MPs would lose their seat if they voted against their party.
This made it impossible for parliament to have a free vote, including no-confidence motions to remove a prime minister. Experts have described the amendment as instituting prime ministerial dictatorship. The Thirteen Amendment in 1996 introduced the. In 2010, the ruled that the Fifth Amendment of 1979 went against the constitutional spirit of the country and hence invalidated its removal of clauses related to secularism. The Supreme Court gave the verdict in the case of.
While implementing the supreme court's verdict in the Fifteenth Amendment in 2011, the Awami League-led parliament abolished the caretaker government system, which the party itself had advocated in 1996. In 2017, the Supreme Court declared the Sixteenth Amendment Act of 2014 illegal and void. The amendment had introduced the provision of impeaching judges in parliament. The Supreme Court held that parliament cannot have due to. Main article: The constitution does not specifically mention the term, but Article 102 allows writ petitions to be filed at the High Court Division for reviewing laws, the actions and policies of authories and lower court proceedings. Articles 7(2), 26, 44(1) & 102 are considered to indirectly support the system of judicial review. Controversial issues in the constitution.
Bangladesh Constitution Bangla Version Pdf
The constitution's declaration of socialism is at odds with Bangladesh’s free market economy. It conflicts with a large section of the Bangladeshi society and electorate. Two political parties which governed the country- the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jatiyo Party- are staunchly opposed to socialism and advocate pro-capitalist policies.
The constitution has a paradox of including both secularism and a state religion. The constitution declares 'the people of Bangladesh shall be known as Bangalees as a nation', which discriminates against the country’s significant non-Bengali communities. The constitution describes non-Bengali communities as ' tribes, minor races, ethnic sects and communities' instead of recognizing them as as demanded by civil society groups. According to, Members of Parliament do not have a in the Jatiyo Sangshad.
MPs will lose their seats if they vote against their party. This bars the Jatiyo Sangshad from removing a prime minister from office through. Critics argue that Bangladesh’s parliament is a and a. The High Court cannot have branches other than in the capital. This has caused burdens for litigants and the judiciary across the country.
The 90-day deadline for MPs’ absence has been exploited by opposition parties to enforce opposition boycotts. MPs lose their seats if they are absent for more than 90 days.
Opposition MPs often attend sessions only as the deadline nears. Proposals have called for the deadline to be reduced to 30 days or less. In Westminster systems, the dissolution of parliament takes place when a general election is called. The fifteenth amendment in 2011 allowed parliament to continue during an election period.
Critics have questioned whether a free and fair election can be held with sitting MPs. Download rom for android blackberry 9720 software. Human rights and the constitution Despite constitutional guarantees of fundamental human rights, Bangladesh's government and security forces are accused of many human rights abuses. Free speech According to, the government of Bangladesh has sought to trample its citizens' right to free speech on the internet through the Information and Communications Technology Act.
The law can be argued to be in violation of Article 39 of the constitution. The Foreign Donations (Voluntary Activities) Regulation Act which imposed the government's restrictions over the work of. The law has also been argued to be against the spirit of the constitution. Torture and enforced disappearances In 2017, ran an investigative report which alleged torture and secret killings by the (RAB). RAB has been described by as a 'death squad'. Torture and other ill-treatment in custody was widespread; however, complaints were rarely investigated.
The 2013 Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention) Act was poorly enforced due to a lack of political will and awareness among law enforcement agencies. Human rights groups accused several security force branches – including police and the Rapid Action Battalion – of torture and other ill-treatment. Torture was carried out to extract “confessions”, for extortion or to punish political opponents of the government.
These activities of Bangladeshi security forces contravenes Article 32 of the constitution which concerns the and personal liberty. Chittagong Hill Tracts The government is yet to fully implement the. There have been legal challenges which question the accord's place in the unitary structure of the Bangladeshi state. Regional political parties have demanded constitutional recognition for the indigenous people of the region. Constitutional Reform Dr., who is described as the “father of the Bangladeshi constitution”, has been an ardent supporter of reforming the document to reflect the values of the 21st century. Hossain has blamed amendments during military rule for eroding the constitution's principles. Justice, a former Chief Justice and interim prime minister, proposed that a Constitution Commission be formed to explore the prospects for constitutional reform., a former Chief Election Commissioner, has called for a constitutional amendment to ensure 'checks and balances' and the.
Bangladesh Constitution In Bangla Version
Professor Anwar Hossain, a leading Bangladeshi historian, has called for the term “People’s Republic of Bangladesh” to be changed to the “Republic of Bangladesh”. Barrister, a politician and former cabinet minister, has proposed that a new constitution be drafted after the election of a new constituent assembly.
One criticism of the document stems from the fact that it was drafted by a constituent assembly dominated by the left-wing Awami League and lacked representation from most other political groups. The League has governed Bangladesh for 18 years in its 45 year history as of 2017.
Amendments. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Mahendra Prasad Singh; Veena Kukreja (7 August 2014).
Ayesha Jalal (6 April 1995). Cambridge University Press. Mark Tushnet; Madhav Khosla (17 September 2015). Cambridge University Press. Soumyendra Nath Mukherjee (1987). Cambridge University Press. Hana Shams Ahmed.
The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. The Daily Star.
Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Unb, Dhaka. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Shakhawat Liton. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Probir Kumar Sarker. Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Retrieved 2017-07-11. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. Star Online Report. The Daily Star. Retrieved 2017-07-11. External links.
Laws of Bangladesh. Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs.
Retrieved July 23, 2014.
Description of Bangladesh Constitution Bangladesh Constitution app in Bangla, provides an easily searchable and readable format which contains all essential concepts for the citizens. It enriches lack of knowledge of the nation's laws on the part of the citizenry. The app ensures all Bangladeshi’s to have a working knowledge of the constitution by providing an easily accessible version of the document for mobile phones.
It ensures that a majority of the country's citizens know the constitution. We can begin to intelligently hold our leaders accountable for the provision of our constitutional rights.
It provides the legal foundation for the existence of Bangladesh, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government and many more.