Overview WPA2-Enterprise with 802.1x authentication can be used to authenticate users or computers in a domain. The supplicant (wireless client) authenticates against the RADIUS server (authentication server) using an EAP method configured on the RADIUS server. The gateway APs (authenticator) role is to send authentication messages between the supplicant and authentication server. This means the RADIUS server is responsible for authenticating users.
APs perform EAPOL exchanges between the supplicant and convert these to RADIUS Access-requests messages, which are sent to the RADIUS server's IP address and UDP port specified in Dashboard. Gateway APs need to receive a RADIUS Access-accept message from the RADIUS server in order to grant the supplicant access to the network.
For best performance, it is recommended to have the RADIUS server and gateway APs located within the same layer-2 broadcast domain to avoid firewall, routing, or authentication delays. Keep in mind the AP is not responsible for authenticating wireless clients and acts as an intermediary between clients and the RADIUS server. The following image provides a detailed breakdown of the PEAP with MSCHAPv2 association process. Note: Please refer to for details on these attributes, additional notes for certain attributes are included below.
User-Name. NAS-IP-Address. NAS-Port. Called-Station-ID: Contains (1) the Meraki access point's BSSID (all caps, octets separated by hyphens) and (2) the SSID on which the wireless device is connecting. These 2 fields are separated by a colon.
Example: 'AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF:SSIDNAME'. Calling-Station-ID: Contains the MAC address of the wireless device (all caps, octets separated by hyphens). Example: 'AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF'. Framed-MTU.
NAS-Port-Type. Connect-Info The following attributes are honored by Cisco Meraki when received in an Access-Accept message from the customer's RADIUS server to the Cisco Meraki access point:. Tunnel-Private-Group-ID: Contains the VLAN ID that should be applied to a wireless user or device.
(This can be configured to override VLAN settings that an administrator has configured for a particular SSID in the Cisco Meraki Cloud Controller.). Tunnel-Type: Specifies the tunneling protocol. Example: VLAN.
Tunnel-Medium-Type: Sets the transport medium type used to create the tunnel. Example: 802 (which includes 802.11). Filter-Id / Reply-Message / Airespace-ACL-Name / Aruba-User-Role: Any of these attributes can be used to convey a policy that should be applied to a wireless user or device. (The attribute type should match that which is configured under the Configure tab Group policies page in the Cisco Meraki Cloud Controller. The attribute value should match the name of a policy group configured on that page.). RADIUS Server Requirements There are many server options available for RADIUS, which should work with MR access points if configured correctly. Please refer to your RADIUS server documentation for specifics, but the key requirements for WPA2-Enterprise with Meraki are as follows:.
The server must host a certificate from a Certificate Authority (CA) trusted by clients on the network. All gateway APs broadcasting the WPA2-Enterprise SSID must be configured as RADIUS clients/authenticators on the server, with a shared secret. The RADIUS server must have a user base to authenticate against. Once the RADIUS server is configured, refer to the Dashboard Configuration section below for instructions on how to add your RADIUS server to Dashboard. Machine Authentication The most common method of authentication with PEAP-MSCHAPv2 is user auth, in which clients are prompted to enter their domain credentials.
It is also possible to configure RADIUS for machine authentication, in which the computers themselves are authenticated against RADIUS, so the user doesn't need to provide any credentials to gain access. Machine auth is typically accomplished using EAP-TLS, though some RADIUS server options do make it simple to accomplish machine auth using PEAP-MSCHAPv2 (including Windows NPS, as outlined in the example config below). Example RADIUS Configuration (Windows NPS + AD) The following example configuration outlines how to set up Windows NPS as a RADIUS server, with Active Directory acting as a userbase:. Add the Network Policy Server (NPS) role to Windows Server. Add a trusted certificate to NPS. Add APs as RADIUS clients on the NPS server. Configure a policy in NPS to support PEAP-MSCHAPv2.
(Optional for machine auth) Deploy PEAP-MSCHAPv2 wireless network settings to domain member computers using Group Policy. Add a Trusted Certificate to NPS A RADIUS server must host a certificate that allows both network clients and Meraki APs to validate the server's identity. There are three options for this certificate:. Acquire a certificate from a trusted Certificate Authority As long as the CA used is trusted by clients on the network, a certificate can be purchased and uploaded into NPS to accomplish and server identity verification (required by clients).
Common examples of trusted CAs include GoDaddy and VeriSign. Implement a Public Key Infrastructure and generate a certificate (advanced) A PKI can be used on the network to issue certificates trusted by clients on the network. A strong understanding of PKI is recommended for this option. Generate a self-signed certificate and turn off client server validation (insecure) A can be generated for testing/lab purposes, though clients will not trust a self-signed certificate and will need to have server validation disabled in order to connect. This option is not recommended for production deployment, due to dramatically reduced security. Once a certificate has been acquired, please refer to for instructions on how to import a certificate.
Add APs as RADIUS Clients on the NPS Server In this scenario, APs communicate with clients and receive their domain credentials, which the AP then forwards to NPS. In order for an AP's RADIUS access-request message to be processed by NPS, it must first be added as a RADIUS client/authenticator by its IP address. Since only gateway APs have an IP address on the LAN, all gateway APs in the network must be added to NPS as RADIUS clients. To quickly gather all gateway APs' LAN IP addresses, navigate to Wireless Monitor Access points in Dashboard, ensure that the 'LAN IP' column has been added to the table, and take note of all LAN IPs listed.
APs with a LAN IP of 'N/A' are repeaters, they do not need to be added as RADIUS clients: Once a list of gateway APs' LAN IPs has been gathered, please refer to Microsoft's documentation for instructions on. Take note of the shared secret configured in NPS, this will be referenced in Dashboard.
Creating an NPS Policy. Open the Network Policy Server console. Select NPS(Local), so you see the Getting Started pane. Select RADIUS server for 802.1X Wireless or Wired Connections in the Standard Configuration drop down. Click Configure 802.1X to begin the Configure 802.1x Wizard. When the Select 802.1X Connections Type window appears select the radio button Secure Wireless Connections and type a Name: for your policy or use the default. Click Next.
Verify the APs you added as RADIUS clients on the Specify 802.1X switches window. For Configure an Authentication Method select Microsoft: Protected EAP (PEAP). Click Configure to review the Edit Protected EAP Properties. The server certificate should be in the Certificate issued drop down.
Make sure Enable Fast Reconnect is checked and EAP type is Secure password (EAP-MSCHAPv2). Click OK. Click Next. When the Specify User Groups window appears click Add. Type or find the Domain Users group.
This group should be located in the same domain as your RADIUS server. Note: If RADIUS is being used for Machine Authentication, find the Domain Computers group instead.
When the group is added click OK. Click Next on Configure a Virtual LAN (VLAN) window.
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When then Completing New IEEE 802.1X Secure Wired and Wireless Connections and RADIUS clients appears click Finish. (Optional) Deploy a PEAP Wireless Profile using Group Policy For a seamless user experience, it may be ideal to deploy a PEAP wireless profile to domain computers so users can easily associate with the SSID.
Though optional for user auth, this is strongly recommended for machine authentication. The following instructions explain how to push a PEAP wireless profile to domain computers using a GPO, on a Domain Controller running Windows Server 2008:. Open the domain Group Policy Management snap-in. Create a new GPO or use an existing GPO. Edit the GPO and navigate to Computer Configuration Policies Windows Settings Security Settings Public Key Policies Wireless Network (IEEE 801.X) Policies. Right Click Wireless Network (IEEE 801.X) Policies and choose Create a New Windows Vista Policy. Provide a Vista Policy Name.
Click Add for Connect to available networks. Choose Infrastructure. Best software for windows 7. On the Connection tab, provide a Profile Name and enter the SSID of the wireless network for Network Name(s). Click Add. Click the Security tab.
Configure the following:. Authentication: WPA2-Enterprise or WPA-Enterprise. Encryption: AES or TKIP. Network Authentication Method: Microsoft: Protected EAP (PEAP). Authentication mode: Computer Authentication (for machine auth).
Click Properties. For Trusted Root Certification Authorities select the check box next to the appropriate Certificate Authorities and click OK. Click OK to close out and click Apply on wireless policy page to save the settings.
Apply the GPO to the domain or OU containing the domain member computers (refer to for details). Dashboard Configuration Once a RADIUS server has been set up with the appropriate requirements to support authentication, the following instructions explain how to configure an SSID to support WPA2-Enterprise, and authenticate against the RADIUS server:. In Dashboard, navigate to Wireless Configure Access control. Select your desired SSID from the SSID drop down (or navigate to Wireless Configure SSIDs to create a new SSID first).
For Association requirements choose WPA2-Enterprise with my RADIUS server. Under RADIUS servers click Add a server. Enter the Host (IP address of your RADIUS server, reachable from the access points), Port (UDP port the RADIUS server listens on for Access-requests; 1812 by default) and Secret (RADIUS client shared secret):. Click the Save Changes button. Aside from the RADIUS server requirements outlined above, all authenticating APs will need to be able to contact the IP address and port specified in Dashboard. Make sure that your APs all have network connectivity to the RADIUS server, and no firewalls are preventing access. Testing RADIUS from Dashboard Dashboard has a built-in RADIUS test utility, to ensure that all access points (at least those broadcasting the SSID using RADIUS) can contact the RADIUS server:.
Navigate to Wireless Configure Access control. Ensure that WPA2-Enterprise was already configured based on the. Under RADIUS servers, click the Test button for the desired server.
Enter the credentials of a user account in the Username and Password fields. Click Begin test. The window will show progress of testing from each access point (AP) in the network, and then present a summary of the results at the end.
APs passed: Access points that were online and able to successfully authenticate using the credentials provided. APs failed: Access points that were online but unable to authenticate using the credentials provided. Ensure the server is reachable from the APs, the APs are added as clients on the RADIUS server. APs unreachable: Access points that were not online and thus could not be tested with. RADIUS Accounting Optionally, RADIUS accounting can be enabled on an SSID that's using WPA2-Enterprise with RADIUS authentication.
When enabled, 'start' and 'stop' accounting messages are sent from the AP to the specified RADIUS accounting server. The following instructions explain how to enable RADIUS accounting on an SSID:. Navigate to Wireless Configure Access control and select the desired SSID from the dropdown menu. Under RADIUS accounting, select RADIUS accounting is enabled. Under RADIUS accounting servers, click Add a server.
Note: Multiple servers can be added for failover, RADIUS messages will be sent to these servers in a top-down order. Enter the details for:.
Host (the IP address the APs will send RADIUS accounting messages to). Port (the port on the RADIUS server that is listening for accounting messages; 1813 by default).
Secret (the shared key used to authenticate messages between the APs and RADIUS server). Click Save changes. At this point, 'Start' and 'Stop' accounting messages will be sent from the APs to the RADIUS server whenever a client successfully connects or disconnects from the SSID, respectively.
How To Install Radius On Windows 2012 R2
Prerequisites Visual C (this update can be downloaded ). Microsoft.NET v4.6 (this update can be downloaded ). Before you start, ensure that:. You have administrative access to your AuthAnvil tenant.
You have access to a computer that will host the RADIUS Client. You have access to your desired VPN capable device and are familiar with the configuration. Section 1: Add a RADIUS Agent Below are the steps to follow to add a RADIUS Agent, which includes one RADIUS Client.
Steps. Log into your instance of AuthAnvil. Select the Auth Manager area on the left side to reveal the Agents area. Select the plus sign at the bottom right corner to select to add a new Agent.
Select “RADIUS Server” from the list. Enter a name for the agent that will identify its uniqueness from the other agents. Select how often the sync agent will check in (Sync Frequency). Copy down the following, as you will be prompted for this information when you are installing the RADIUS Agent service. ID: The unique ID of the agent. (formerly Client ID) Key: The auto-generated secret value of the agent. (formerly Client Secret) Home Realm: The homerealm your agent will connect to.
Note: The above information is to be used ONLY at the time of installing the service. Select the desired Authentication Policy to be in place for the Agent. Select the RADIUS Configuration tab. Select the port you wish to use for communication (default port is 1812). Select the “Add RADIUS Client” button. In the “Add RADIUS Client” screen, perform the following. Select the “Add RADIUS Client” Note: if you would like to add more than one client, select the “Add Another” check box prior to selecting the Add RADIUS client button.
Press “Add Agent” to close off the “Add New Agent Screen.” Download the RADIUS agent installer Before you start:. Ensure that you have administrative access to your AuthAnvil on Demand tenant. You should be performing the following on the machine that will host the RADIUS Service.Net 4.6.0 or Higher must be installed on the host machine (or the RADIUS installation package will not install). Log into your AuthAnvil tenant.
Select the “Auth Manager” area on the left side of the screen. Locate the preferred RADIUS agent in the list. Download the RADIUS installer by one of the following options.
Selecting the three dots to the right and then selecting “Download” from the drop down. Selecting the Agent name itself, and then select the “Download Installer” button. Once downloaded, run through the installation wizard on the machine that will host the RADIUS service. Enter in the “ID”, “Key” and “Home Realm” that were copied earlier during the RADIUS client creation (see Step 7 under “Section 1: Add a RADIUS Agent”). Finish the installer.
Now you should have an AuthAnvil RADIUS server that’s sitting, waiting, and “listening” for your client to connect and authenticate.
Scott Burrell teaches courses on HR, training and development, digital marketing, and small business management. Scott has spent 18 years in higher education and 30 years with technology, and has experience on executive leadership teams and with front-line leadership. Training people to accomplish their goals is what he does, whether those goals are for themselves, their families, or their communities. Scott helped create the online learning programs at Beckfield College and Collins College, and currently teaches courses on human resources, training and development, digital marketing, and small business management, to name just a few. He has an MBA in business administration and technology management. Related courses. By: Scott M Burrell Course.
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Course Transcript - Instructor In the last chapter, we set up two different kinds of VPNs, both using a local list of users to authenticate remote connections. In this chapter, we're going to work on a method of authentication that doesn't require us to keep a list of our users and their passwords on the server that sits on the border of our network with one nick facing the outside world.
Remote access dial-in user service or RADIUS is an industry standard for doing this. RADIUS is used to authenticate users so the gateway doesn't have to. This could be what we need because we don't want the gateway to keep this information as in the example of a VPN gateway. But, RADIUS is also used to authenticate user connections to a secure Wi-Fi access point. Most access points don't have incredible security built in, or at least not the ability to manage a list of users with varying permissions.
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But, whichever scenario you're looking at, a RADIUS server can bridge the gap between a gateway to the network and the list of users. In our case, the gateway is our VPN server and the user list will be our domain's active directory database. Installing RADIUS on a Windows server is easy enough, it's a role that can be added to any server. Because our list of users is an active directory, I'm going to install it on the domain controller. You could just as easily install it on any member server, but I'm trying to control the number of virtual servers in this demonstration. So, here I have the domain controller in the landonhotels.com domain and I'm going to go to the server manager and under the manage menu I'm going to add a role to this server.
Many of you have probably checked the box to skip this page by default and so you aren't seeing this screen anymore. So, I'm going to go ahead and join you in that.
It is a role-based installation, it's not for remote desktop environments. I am trying to install the role on this specific machine, and the role that I'm going to add is network policy and access services. After I accept the administrative tools and any other prerequisites, you'll be able to see from the description to the right that this role safeguards your network. It does this by defining who can access and how, which is the function of RADIUS. There are no additional features to install, and some roles give you helpful information or ask you to make some choices before the installation begins, but network policy server is not one of those roles, I guess it does tell us where to configure it later and that's important, but there's really nothing else to do at this point, so I'm going to click next and install so NPS or network policy services can install.
As with other roles and features, this installation could take a few minutes. Mine took a little less than a minute, which is not too bad, and it's now complete. So, I'm going to close this, and we'll see that the installation added a new tool to the tools menu. What we're looking for is network policy server.
The configuration of NPS is going to be different depending on what you want to accomplish. So, most of this configuration is going to happen across the next few videos, but there is one thing that we need to do right away. I mentioned before that we want this server to be a go-between from the VPN gateway and LDAP, in our case, active directory. I'm going to right-click on the very top of this tree and select register in active directory so Windows can create the necessary link between this network policy server and the active directory database.
This is giving us a heads-up that we are about to authorize this computer to read active directory information, specifically the dial-in properties of users in this domain, and that's kind of why we're installing this, so I am going to say okay. And there's our confirmation that we are now authorized to read users properties from the active directory domain.
Nice that they gave us another notification, I guess, or maybe it's just one more thing to click on. If you are installing this on a member server or if you are logged in as someone less than a domain admin, you would've needed to provide new credentials at that point. Since I'm on the domain controller and logged in as the administrator, it was able to complete without prompting me for those credentials. Over the remainder of this chapter, we're going to make the rest of the connections needed to allow this NPS server to function as a RADIUS server on our network. Watch this course anytime, anywhere. Course Contents.
Introduction Introduction. 1. Private Intranets on a Public Extranet 1. Private Intranets on a Public Extranet. 2. Implementing Virtual Private Networks 2. Implementing Virtual Private Networks.
3. Network Policy Server for RADIUS 3. Network Policy Server for RADIUS. 4. Network Policy Server (NPS) 4.
Network Policy Server (NPS). 5. DirectAccess 5.
DirectAccess. Conclusion Conclusion.
Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway can use a RADIUS server for client authentication. This topic describes how to set up a RADIUS server to be used by Forefront TMG.
These topics describe how to configure IAS as the RADIUS server. Before setting up RADIUS, be sure to read about security considerations in.
Setting up RADIUS authentication with IAS consists of the following steps:. Install IAS. IAS is installed as a Windows component. Note that Windows Server 2008 uses Network Policy Server (NPS) as a RADIUS server.
For more information, see at Microsoft TechNet. Configure Forefront TMG as a RADIUS client in IAS. Configure the RADIUS server in the Forefront TMG Management console. Ensure that the settings here are the same as those you specify when configuring Forefront TMG as a RADIUS client. Note that the specified RADIUS server settings apply to all rule types using RADIUS authentication. Modify the Forefront TMG system policy rule if required. The rule presumes that the RADIUS server is located in the default Internal network and allows RADIUS protocols from the Local Host network (the Forefront TMG computer) to the Internal network.
Modify the rule if the network location is incorrect, or if you want to specify the address of the RADIUS server rather than the entire Internal network. The rule is enabled by default. On the computer running IAS, click Start, point to Administrative Tools, and then click Internet Authentication Service. If the RADIUS server is a domain member, ensure it is registered in Active Directory. To do this, right click the root node Internet Authentication Service, and then click Register server in Active Directory. From the Internet Authentication Service management console, right-click the RADIUS Clients folder, and then click New RADIUS Client. On the Name and Address page, in Friendly name, enter a name for the Forefront TMG server.
In Client address (IP or DNS), enter the IP address of default IP address of the adapter through which Forefront TMG accesses the domain controller (usually the Internal adapter). Using an IP address rather than a DNS name ensures that IAS does not need to resolve client names at start-up. Click Next.
On the Additional Information page, in Client-Vendor, ensure that RADIUS Standard is selected. In Shared secret, specify a password, and in Confirm shared secret, confirm the password. Note that you must specify exactly the same shared secret on the Forefront TMG server. Optionally, select Request must contain the Message Authenticator attribute. Click Finish. In Forefront TMG Management, click to expand the C onfiguration node, and then click General. In the details pane, click Define RADIUS Servers.
On the RADIUS Servers tab, click Add. In Server name, type the name or IP address of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication. Click Change, and in New secret and Confirm new secret, type the shared secret to be used for communications between the Forefront TMG server and the RADIUS server.
Be sure to specify the same secret you entered when configuring Forefront TMG as a client on the RADIUS server. In Port, specify the UDP port used by the RADIUS server for incoming RADIUS authentication requests. The default value of 1812 is based on RFC 2138. In Time-out (seconds), specify the time (in seconds) that Forefront TMG should try to obtain a response from the RADIUS server before trying an alternate server.